Certified Hyperbaric Technologist Practice Test

What is the type of damage known as when air-filled spaces in the body are compressed due to increased pressure?

1. Barosinusitis

2. Barotrauma

3. Decompression sickness

4. Pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Barotrauma

Barotrauma refers to the physical damage that occurs to air-filled spaces within the body when they are subjected to changes in pressure, particularly during activities involving rapid descents or ascents, such as diving or flying. This condition is typically characterized by injury to structures such as the ears, sinuses, and lungs due to the unequal pressure inside these cavities compared to the surrounding environment. When pressure increases, the air within these spaces compresses, and if these spaces cannot equalize pressure quickly enough, they can become damaged. For instance, in the case of the ears, if the Eustachian tubes do not open to equalize pressure, the resulting pressure differential can lead to pain and possibly rupture of the eardrum. As for the sinuses, barosinusitis can occur, which is a specific condition linked to sinus inflammation due to pressure changes, but this is a subset of the broader concept of barotrauma. Understanding barotrauma is crucial for anyone involved in diving or hyperbaric medicine, as it highlights the importance of proper pressure management and equalization techniques during pressure changes to prevent injuries.