Certified Hyperbaric Technologist Practice Test

What is the most common type of barotrauma that occurs in a hyperbaric environment?

1. Lung barotrauma

2. Middle ear barotrauma

3. Sinus barotrauma

4. Dental barotrauma

The correct answer is: Middle ear barotrauma

Middle ear barotrauma is the most common type of barotrauma that occurs in a hyperbaric environment because it is directly related to the pressure changes experienced during descent and ascent within a hyperbaric chamber, or while diving. The middle ear has a natural vulnerability as it relies on the Eustachian tubes to equalize pressure. When external pressure increases, such as in hyperbaric treatment or during a dive, the pressure in the middle ear can become imbalanced if the Eustachian tube does not equalize the pressure effectively. Factors such as congestion from allergies, colds, or sinus infections can impede the ability of the Eustachian tube to function properly, increasing the likelihood of experiencing middle ear barotrauma. Symptoms can include pain, discomfort, and even hearing loss if the pressure is not equalized. In contrast, while lung barotrauma and other types of barotrauma like sinus and dental barotrauma can occur, they are either less common in general hyperbaric treatments or arise from different physiological mechanisms compared to middle ear barotrauma.